Open USD (OUSD), announced June 30 with more than 140 partner businesses including Visa, Mastercard, Coinbase, Stripe, BlackRock and Google, promises no-cost minting and redemption, shared reserve earnings and an independent partner board as it targets payments, CEX/DEX, remittance, DeFi and treasury flows ahead of a token launch later this year. Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire responded July 1 by highlighting USDC's entrenched network effect — citing roughly $21.5–$30 trillion in Q1 2026 on-chain transaction volume, about $77.0 billion in circulation and a 63–80% share of stablecoin transaction volume — and said OUSD must demonstrate live, regulated distribution and repeatable liquidity to displace USDC.

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Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire used Open USD's launch to draw a harder line around USDC's moat: a partner-owned stablecoin can challenge Circle only if its distribution becomes live, regulated transaction flow.

His July 1 response followed Open Standard's June 30 announcement of Open USD.

The launch post said more than 140 businesses had signed up to use the token, including Visa, Stripe, Mastercard, American Express, Coinbase, BlackRock, BNY, Google, Shopify, Solana, Base, Ripple and Fireblocks.

Open Standard said OUSD would offer no-cost minting and redemption at scale, send reserve earnings to partners after a management fee, and operate through an independent board made up of partners.

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The roster gives OUSD credible distribution. Allaire's challenge is whether that distribution can become liquidity, regulated availability and repeat usage before USDC's incumbent rails absorb the demand.

USDC's moat is measured in flow

In his response, Allaire framed stablecoins as internet platform businesses that tend toward winner-take-most outcomes because liquidity, integrations, and regulatory access compound over time. He pointed to USDC's integrations, liquidity, licensing footprint, CCTP, and Gateway as the infrastructure that makes USDC easier for developers and institutions to continue using.

Allaire said,

Jeremy Allaire CEO • Circle

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Circle's own materials list native USDC support on 35 networks and cite its MiCA compliance and licensing disclosures, reinforcing that the incumbent's moat is operational as well as brand-driven.

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USDC's volume lead is large across several cuts, even though the measurement varies. Allaire cited Artemis data indicating USDC handled nearly $30 trillion in on-chain transactions in Q1 2026 and accounted for about 80% of dollar stablecoin blockchain transaction volume.

Circle's May 11 Q1 release separately reported $21.5 trillion in USDC on-chain transaction volume, $77.0 billion in USDC in circulation, and a 63% share of stablecoin transaction volume under Visa Onchain Analytics.

USDC also accounted for 80% of total stablecoin transaction volume in a CEX.IO Q1 stablecoin report, which found that bot-driven activity accounted for 76% of total stablecoin volume. Those cuts point to USDC's lead in measured on-chain dollar-token flow, while Open USD is still awaiting launch.

OUSD is attacking the economics around that position. Its pitch gives businesses no-cost minting and redemption at scale, shared reserve earnings and a collective governance model.

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Allaire argued that those features can create redemption pressure, leave less funding for infrastructure investment, or slow decision-making within a large consortium. He also pushed back on the idea that Coinbase's presence in the Open USD coalition means a break with Circle, saying the USDC partnership remains strong.

Allaire commented,

The same companies can endorse OUSD while still using USDC wherever liquidity, compliance, and customer flows are already strongest.

Open USD's next proof point is measurable usage across the partner base. After launch later this year, the token will need to demonstrate repeatable volume across multiple venues in payment, exchange, remittance, DeFi, and treasury.

Until that flow appears, Allaire's challenge stands: OUSD has distribution and incentives, while USDC has the live network effect it must displace.

Allaire concluded,