Ethereum’s Biggest Overhaul Yet? Vitalik Targets Core Architecture

• Vitalik says state tree and VM cause over 80% of proving overhead.
• The proposed binary tree could reduce proof sizes by a factor of 3 to 4.
• A long-term plan may replace EVM with RISC-V for simpler execution.

Ethereum could be heading for its most radical redesign since launch.

In a detailed technical proposal, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin laid out sweeping upgrades that aim to make the network dramatically faster to verify, cheaper to use, and far more efficient for zero-knowledge technology.

At the heart of his argument is efficiency. “They are the big bottlenecks that we have to address if we want efficient proving,” Buterin wrote, referring to Ethereum’s state tree and virtual machine. Together, he estimates, they account for more than 80% of the proving overhead.

A Simpler, Faster State Tree

Buterin proposes replacing Ethereum’s complex …

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